The seminar focussed on fundamental rights and freedoms in Europe, which are protected on several levels: National (constitutional) law, the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR) as well as European Union law including the Treaties and the Charter of Fundamental Rights. From the perspective of national judges, questions often arise as to which law and which fundamental rights are applicable, in how far European law takes precedence and is directly applicable, and how possible conflicts are to be resolved. The seminar addressed these questions by expert lectures and practical case studies. In small groups, 38 administrative, civil and criminal judges from 20 European countries exchanged their knowledge and best practices.